South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 13 | 2016
نویسنده
چکیده
In this article, selected evidence from contemporary India and Bangladesh is analyzed to identifythe diverse mechanisms of land alienation at work. A typology of such mechanisms is developedfor this purpose, based on a critical review of theoretical approaches to primitive accumulation(Marx 1976) and accumulation by dispossession (ABD) (Harvey 2005). In this typology,mechanisms of land alienation and primitive accumulation can be direct or indirect and may ormay not involve the use of force. Moreover, multiple mechanisms can operate in combination.The application of this typology to the empirical evidence shows that mechanisms of landalienation exist under all its broad categories. Accordingly, it is concluded that notions ofprimitive accumulation/ABD which are confined to extra-economic or non-marketcharacterizations are unduly restrictive and correspond to special cases that cannotaccommodate the entire range of mechanisms displayed by the evidence from neoliberal Indiaand Bangladesh. Moreover, capitalism itself can operate as a driving force of ongoing primitiveaccumulation/ABD, corresponding to direct mechanisms of land alienation. Correlatively,primitive accumulation/ABD can be generated by autonomous factors and the lands so releasedcan be potentially deployed in capitalist production, corresponding to indirect mechanisms ofland alienation.
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